Laser eye surgery is a widely used procedure that corrects vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. By reshaping the cornea, the surgery allows light to focus properly on the retina, leading to clearer vision. The procedure is quick, often completed in less than 30 minutes, and provides long-term benefits. If you’re considering laser eye surgery, understanding the process can help ease any concerns. Here’s a step-by-step guide to what happens before, during, and after the procedure.
Before the Surgery: Preparation and Evaluation
Before undergoing laser eye surgery, your ophthalmologist will conduct a detailed LASIK eye exam to determine if you are a suitable candidate. This evaluation includes:
- Measuring corneal thickness and shape
- Checking for underlying eye conditions
- Mapping the eye’s surface with advanced imaging technology
On the day of the procedure, you will be advised to avoid makeup, lotions, or perfumes to minimize the risk of infection. Once at the clinic, numbing eye drops will be applied to ensure you don’t feel pain. Some patients may also receive medication to help them relax.
During the Surgery: Step-by-Step Process
1. Creating the Corneal Flap
For LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis), the first step involves creating a thin flap on the cornea. This is done using a femtosecond laser or a microkeratome blade. The flap is then gently lifted to expose the underlying corneal tissue.
In PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy), a different type of laser eye surgery, no flap is created. Instead, the outer layer of the cornea (epithelium) is removed and naturally regenerates over time.
2. Reshaping the Cornea
With the cornea exposed, an excimer laser is used to reshape it based on your vision correction needs. This step is highly precise and takes less than a minute per eye. The adjustments depend on your specific vision problem:
- For nearsightedness (myopia): The laser flattens the cornea.
- For farsightedness (hyperopia): The cornea is made steeper.
- For astigmatism: The cornea is reshaped to improve focus.
A sophisticated tracking system ensures precision by adjusting to even the slightest eye movements.
3. Repositioning the Flap or Applying a Protective Lens
In LASIK, once the corneal reshaping is complete, the flap is repositioned and naturally adheres without stitches. In PRK, since no flap is created, a protective contact lens is placed over the eye to aid healing.
After the Surgery: Recovery and Healing
Immediately after the procedure, your vision may be blurry, but this usually improves within a few hours. Some common side effects in the first few days include:
- Mild discomfort or irritation
- Dry eyes
- Sensitivity to light
Your doctor will prescribe medicated eye drops to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. It’s important to avoid rubbing your eyes, swimming, and strenuous activities during the healing process. Most patients notice significant improvement within 24 to 48 hours, though full recovery may take a few weeks. Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor your progress.
Laser eye surgery is a safe and effective solution for long-term vision correction with minimal recovery time. Understanding each step of the procedure can help you feel more confident about the process. If you’re considering laser eye surgery, consult an experienced ophthalmologist to determine if it’s the right choice for you.